Thursday, 29 March 2012

MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS: Facts from the UN website


FROM http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/bkgd.shtml (Go to the website for detailed fact-sheet for each goal)
Millennium Summit
In September 2000, building upon a decade of major United Nations conferences and summits, world leaders came together at United Nations Headquarters in New York to adopt the United Nations Millennium Declaration, committing their nations to a new global partnership to reduce extreme poverty and setting out a series of time-bound targets - with a deadline of 2015 - that have become known as the Millennium Development Goals.
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest.
UN Millennium Project
The Millennium Project was commissioned by the United Nations Secretary-General in 2002 to develop a concrete action plan for the world to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and to reverse the grinding poverty, hunger and disease affecting billions of people. In 2005, the independent advisory body headed by Professor Jeffrey Sachs, presented its final recommendations to the Secretary-General in a synthesis volume “Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals.”
UN Millennium Campaign
The United Nations Millennium Campaign, started in 2002, supports and inspires people from around the world to take action in support of the Millennium Development Goals. Watch the videos by the Millennium Campaign on poverty, education, women’s empowerment, maternal health and the environment and discover how the lives of ten ordinary people around the world are impacted in profound ways by the level of progress their countries have made towards achieving the Goals.
The 2005 World Summit, held from 14 to 16 September at United Nations Headquarters in New York, brought together more than 170 Heads of State and Government. It was a once-in-a-generation opportunity to take bold decisions in the areas of development, security, human rights and reform of the United Nations. The agenda was based on an achievable set of proposals outlined in March 2005 by Secretary- General Kofi Annan in his report “In Larger Freedom”.
Governments, foundations, businesses and civil society groups rallied around the call to action to slash poverty, hunger and disease by 2015, by announcing new commitments to meet the Millennium Development Goals, at a high-level event at UN Headquarters on 25 September 2008. The gathering "exceeded our most optimistic expectations," UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon said, noting that it generated an estimated $16 billion, including some $1.6 billion to bolster food security, more than $4.5 billion for education and $3 billion to combat malaria.
The 2010 MDG Summit concluded with the adoption of a global action plan -- Keeping the Promise: United to Achieve the Millennium Development Goals -- and the announcement of a number of initiatives against poverty, hunger and disease. In a major push to accelerate progress on women’s and children’s health, a number of Heads of State and Government from developed and developing countries, along with the private sector, foundations, international organizations, civil society and research organizations, pledged over $40 billion in resources over the next five years.

THE GOALS AND THE METRICS USED FOR MONITORING PROGRESS 
GOAL 1:
ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY & HUNGER
·         The global economic crisis has slowed progress, but the world is still on track to meet the poverty reduction target
·         Prior to the crisis, the depth of poverty had diminished in almost every region
·         Deterioration of the labour market, triggered by the economic crisis, has resulted in a decline in employment
·         As jobs were lost, more workers have been forced into vulnerable employment
·         Since the economic crisis, more workers find themselves and their families living
in extreme poverty
·         Hunger may have spiked in 2009, one of the many dire consequences of the global
food and financial crises
·         Progress to end hunger has been stymied in most regions
·         Despite some progress, one in four children in the developing world are still underweight
·         Children in rural areas are nearly twice as likely to be underweight as those in urban areasn
·         In some regions, the prevalence of underweight children is dramatically higher among the poor
·         Over 42 million people have been uprooted by conflict or persecution


THE METRICS

·         Target 1.A:

·         Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than one dollar a day
·         1.1 Proportion of population below $1 (PPP) per day
1.2 Poverty gap ratio 
1.3 Share of poorest quintile in national consumption

·         Target 1.B:

·         Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
·         1.4 Growth rate of GDP per person employed
1.5 Employment-to-population ratio
1.6 Proportion of employed people living below $1 (PPP) per day
1.7 Proportion of own-account and contributing family workers in total employment

·         Target 1.C:

·         Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
·         1.8 Prevalence of underweight children under-five years of age
1.9 Proportion of population below minimum level of dietary energy consumption


Success Stories
·         For the first time, many farmers were able to produce enough rice to feed their families and turn a profit at the market. Diversification into other products has become a reality for many, and long-sought-after conveniences such as indoor plumbing, beds and mobile telephones have been made possible thanks to the proceeds of NERICA.
·         Rice production in sub-Saharan Africa was being outstripped by rapid population growth by the mid-1990s. The resulting rice imports were taxing foreign reserves by nearly US$1 billion annually. Worse still, most rice producers were facing the unenviable choice between a high-yield species poorly adapted to African conditions (the Asian rice) and a well-adapted but low-yield species (the African rice). Enter NERICA, or New Rice for Africa – a hybrid between the Asian and African rice – a high-yielding, drought resistant and protein-rich variety that has contributed to food security and improved nutrition in several countries on the continent, including Congo Brazzaville, Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Nigeria, Togo and Uganda. Today, 12 years after the debut of NERICA, some 18 varieties of the hybrid species have been made available to rice farmers across sub-Saharan Africa. For the first time, many farmers were able to produce enough rice to feed their families and turn a profit at the market. Diversification into other products has become a reality for many, and long-sought-after conveniences such as indoor plumbing, beds and mobile telephones have been made possible thanks to the proceeds of NERICA.
·         Micro-credit has helped jumpstart small businesses, providing decent livelihoods for Nepal's marginalized citizens.
·         The proportion of Nepalese living in poverty dropped from 42 percent between 1995/1996 and 2003/2004. Despite this improvement, poverty alleviation remains a priority of the Government of Nepal because eight million of its 30 million people still live in poverty and the gap between the haves and the have-nots is widening. Micro-credit has helped jumpstart small businesses, providing decent livelihoods for Nepal's marginalized citizens. With UNDP support, for example, 23-year old Surya Lama now operates a small mushroom farm in the basement of his home. The UNDP-backed Microenterprise Development Programme is striving to market these products better. There are already some quick wins: almost 60 percent of the 14,000 people who had launched their businesses were from traditionally excluded groups, average family incomes improved by 56 percent, and to date, only three percent of the cooperatives have folded.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 2:
ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION
·         Hope dims for universal education by 2015, even as many poor countries make tremendous strides
·         Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia are home to the vast majority of children out of school
·         Inequality thwarts progress towards universal education


METRICS
·         Target 2.A:
·         Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
·         2.1 Net enrolment ratio in primary education
2.2 Proportion of pupils starting grade 1 who reach last grade of primary
2.3 Literacy rate of 15-24 year-olds, women and men




Success Stories
·         Public school enrolment in the most deprived districts and nationwide soared from 4.2 million to 5.4 million between 2004 and 2005.
·         In sub-Saharan Africa, school fees consume nearly a quarter of a poor family's income, paying not only for tuition, but also indirect fees such as Parent-Teacher Association and community contributions, textbook fees, compulsory uniforms and other charges. Fees are keeping school children out of the classrooms. Countries such as Burundi, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Tanzania and Uganda have abolished school fees, which has led to a surge in enrolment: in Ghana, for example, public school enrolment in the most deprived districts and nationwide soared from 4.2 million to 5.4 million between 2004 and 2005. In Kenya, enrolment of primary school children increased dramatically with 1.2 million extra children in school in 2003 alone; by 2004, the number had climbed to 7.2 million, of which 84 percent were of primary school age. Drawing on the experience of African countries that have eliminated school fees, UNICEF, the World Bank, USAID and a range of partners are helping to develop a "How To" guide for countries seeking a breakthrough in universal basic education by abolishing school fees to develop educational systems that are inclusive, equitable and sustainable. But ending school fees is no magic wand: the surge in enrolment after abolition brings immense challenges to the entire learning infrastructure, from the physical building, to the class size, to the teachers. In order to deliver on the global promise to get all children quality primary education by 2015, the UN system is rallying partners around innovative policy measures and bold initiatives such as the abolition of school fees.
·         In Haiti, an effective collaboration between the government, UN agencies and NGOs changed the lives of 4,300 of the country's poorest children, thanks to an education project that provided school materials and supplies to 33 schools.
·         In Haiti, an effective collaboration between the government, UN agencies and NGOs changed the lives of 4,300 of the country's poorest children, thanks to an education project that provided school materials and supplies to 33 schools. Most of the children lived in the populated slum, Cité Soleil, an area where overpopulation, violence and insecurity are a daily reality. This rapid-impact project also promoted the right to education, in particular by encouraging and supporting school attendance and teachers' training. It was funded by a donation of US$70,000 from soccer stars Ronaldo and Zidane, both UNDP Goodwill Ambassadors.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 3:
PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN
·         For girls in some regions, education remains elusive
·         Poverty is a major barrier to education, especially among older girls
·         In every developing region except the CIS, men outnumber women in paid employment
·         Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment
·         Women are over-represented in informal employment, with its lack of benefits and security
·         Top-level jobs still go to men — to an overwhelming degree
·         Women are slowly rising to political power, but mainly when boosted by quotas and other special measures


METRICS

·         Target 3.A:

·         Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015
·         3.1 Ratios of girls to boys in primary, secondary and tertiary education
3.2 Share of women in wage employment in the non-agricultural sector
3.3 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliament


Success Stories
·         Today, Rwanda has the highest number of women parliamentarians in the world with women constituting nearly 50 percent in the Chamber of Deputies and about 35 percent in the Senate.
·         Recently, Rwanda conducted elections for the Presidency and the parliament had a referendum on a new constitution. For the first time in Rwanda's history, free and fair elections were held. The new constitution guarantees a minimum of 30 percent of parliamentary seats and other leadership positions to women. Today, Rwanda has the highest number of women parliamentarians in the world with women constituting nearly 50 percent in the Chamber of Deputies and about 35 percent in the Senate. The Government of Rwanda also has 34 percent of women in its Cabinet. UNDP has been supporting the Rwanda Parliament, in particular the Rwanda Women Parliamentary Forum. In February 2007, the Forum held an international conference to share its experiences and to forge partnerships with development allies in the area of nation building. Speakers at the conference agreed that women play a critical role in the development of nations and in the attainment of the MDGs.
·         UNDP assisted Kuwait as women participated in parliamentary elections for the first time ever in 2006.
·         UNDP assisted Kuwait as women participated in parliamentary elections for the first time ever in 2006. Before and during the poll, UNDP partnered with civil society organizations to help prepare women running as candidates and to disseminate information about voting so that all women who wanted to vote could do so. Billboards, posters on buses and advertisements on television urged women to let their voices be heard. A leading expert on Islamic law came from Morocco to hold a series of seminars on Islam and women's political participation. In the end, no women candidates won seats in the new Parliament, but 35 percent of eligible women voted, a participation rate higher than in some long-established democracies.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 4:
REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY
·         Child deaths are falling, but not quickly enough to reach the target
·         Revitalizing efforts against pneumonia and diarrhoea, while bolstering nutrition, could save millions of children
·         Recent success in controlling measles may be short-lived if funding gaps are not bridged


METRICS

·         Target 4.A:

·         Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
·         4.1 Under-five mortality rate
4.2 Infant mortality rate
4.3 Proportion of 1 year-old children immunised against measles

Success Stories
·         Viet Nam's Ministry of Health has eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus, with support from WHO and UNICEF.
·         Maternal and neonatal tetanus is a disease that kills tens of thousands of newborns each year, most of them in developing countries. The disease is often called the "silent killer" because many newborns affected by it die at home in very remote and poor communities where both the births and the deaths go unreported. Viet Nam's Ministry of Health has eliminated maternal and neonatal tetanus, with support from WHO and UNICEF. A survey conducted by UNICEF, WHO and the Government of Viet Nam in three of Viet Nam's disadvantaged districts - Bao Yen and Bao Thang in Lao Cai Province, and Phuoc Long in Binh Phuoc Province - showed less than one neonatal tetanus death per 1000 live births in 2005. In the 1980s, some 20,000 Vietnamese babies died annually of tetanus before the age of one month. Since 1991, pregnant women have been vaccinated throughout Viet Nam through its Expanded Programme on Immunization, resulting in a high vaccination coverage rate. Viet Nam is the ninth country in the world, and the first East Asian country, within a priority group of 58 countries that has eliminated these diseases.
·         Through community outreach, supervision, training, and data collection and monitoring, massive immunization campaigns have reached vast numbers of children.
·         In South Asia, the Reaching Every District strategy continues to play a central role in improving children's survival rates through increased nationwide use of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccines. Through community outreach, supervision, training, and data collection and monitoring, massive immunization campaigns have reached vast numbers of children. UNICEF has helped Afghanistan, India, Nepal and Pakistan train female volunteers to administer polio vaccines and promote immunization against maternal and child tetanus. In Afghanistan, for example, more than one million children under age five were vaccinated against measles, and more than 700,000 women of childbearing age received tetanus vaccines during 2006 under a comprehensive immunization campaign led by the local Ministry of Health. The same year, Bangladesh, with support from UNICEF and WHO, conducted the world's largest ever measles eradication campaign in just 20 days, vaccinating 33.5 million children between the ages of nine months and 10 years. Endemic countries such as Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan have reduced the spread and geographical radius of polio through coordinated campaigns.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

 

GOAL 5:
IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

·         Most maternal deaths could be avoided
·         Giving birth is especially risky in Southern Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where most women deliver without skilled care
·         The rural-urban gap in skilled care during childbirth has narrowed
·         More women are receiving antenatal care
·         Inequalities in care during pregnancy are striking
·         Only one in three rural women in developing regions receive the recommended care during pregnancy
·         Progress has stalled in reducing the number of teenage pregnancies, putting more young mothers at risk
·         Poverty and lack of education perpetuate high adolescent birth rates
·         Progress in expanding the use of contraceptives by women has slowed
·         Use of contraception is lowest among the poorest women and those with no education
·         Inadequate funding for family planning is a major failure in fulfilling commitments to improving women’s reproductive health


METRICS

·         Target 5.A:

·         Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
·         5.1 Maternal mortality ratio
5.2 Proportion of births attended by skilled health personnel

·         Target 5.B:

·         Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health
·         5.3 Contraceptive prevalence rate 
5.4 Adolescent birth rate
5.5 Antenatal care coverage (at least one visit and at least four visits)
5.6 Unmet need for family planning


Success Stories
·         Today, maternal mortality reduction has become both a state and a national priority, which is reflected in the government's National Population Policy and National Health Policy.
·         Galvanizing support for maternal health is the goal of the UNFPA-led Campaign to End Fistula, which in 2006 worked in 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia and the Arab States. The aim is to prevent and treat a terrible childbirth injury called fistula-a rupture in the birth canal that occurs during prolonged, obstructed labour and leaves women incontinent, isolated and ashamed. Most victims are poor, young and malnourished. Nine out of 10 fistulas can be successfully repaired. Since the launch of the campaign in 2003, UNFPA has assisted 30 countries to complete needs assessments. More than 20 countries have moved from assessment and planning to implementation. Eleven governments, as well as private-sector supporters such as Johnson & Johnson, One by One and the 34 Million Friends of UNFPA donated to the campaign in 2006. Pakistan, for example, launched its own national campaign to end fistula. With UNFPA support, seven regional centres were established to provide surgical treatment free of charge. UNFPA also launched a major public awareness campaign in the UK targeting policymakers and the public.
·         Over the last four years in Rajasthan, the percentage of deliveries assisted by skilled birth attendants increased by more than 30 percent.
·         In rural India, one woman dies every five minutes giving birth, often due to poor health, unsafe home births and inadequate access to quality healthcare. In the country more than 100,000 women die every year due to childbirth-related causes. UNICEF has been working with the Government of India, health partners and donors to address this situation. The Women's Right for Life and Health project aims to ensure that women and their children, especially among the poorest communities receive adequate health care. Over the last four years in Rajasthan, for example, the percentage of deliveries assisted by skilled birth attendants increased by more than 30 percent. Communities have responded positively with a boost in voluntary blood donations for use during obstetric emergencies. Today, maternal mortality reduction has become both a state and a national priority, which is reflected in the government's National Population Policy and National Health Policy.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 6:
COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES
·         The spread of HIV appears to have stabilized in most regions, and more people are surviving longer
·         Many young people still lack the knowledge to protect themselves against HIV
·         Empowering women through AIDS education is indeed possible, as a number of countries have shown
·         In sub-Saharan Africa, knowledge of HIV increases with wealth and among those living in urban areas
·         Disparities are found in condom use by women and men and among those from the richest and poorest households
·         Condom use during high-risk sex is gaining acceptance in some countries and is one facet of effective HIV prevention
·         Mounting evidence shows a link between gender-based violence and HIV
·         Children orphaned by AIDS suffer more than the loss of parents
·         The rate of new HIV infections continues to outstrip the expansion of treatment
·         Expanded treatment for HIV-positive women also safeguards their newborns
·         Production of insecticide-treated mosquito nets soars
·         Across Africa, expanded use of insecticide-treated bed nets is protecting communities from malaria
·         Poverty continues to limit use of mosquito nets
·         Global procurement of more effective antimalarial drugs continues to rise rapidly
·         Children from the poorest households are least likely to receive treatment for malaria
·         External funding is helping to reduce malaria incidence and deaths, but additional support is needed
·         Progress on tuberculosis inches forward
·         Tuberculosis prevalence is falling in most regions
·         Tuberculosis remains the second leading killer after HIV


METRICS

·         Target 6.A:

·         Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
·         6.1 HIV prevalence among population aged 15-24 years 
6.2 Condom use at last high-risk sex
6.3 Proportion of population aged 15-24 years with comprehensive correct knowledge of HIV/AIDS
6.4 Ratio of school attendance of orphans to school attendance of non-orphans aged 10-14 years

·         Target 6.B:

·         Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
·         6.5 Proportion of population with advanced HIV infection with access to antiretroviral drugs

·         Target 6.C:

·         Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
·         6.6 Incidence and death rates associated with malaria
6.7 Proportion of children under 5 sleeping under insecticide-treated bednets
6.8 Proportion of children under 5 with fever who are treated with appropriate anti-malarial drugs
6.9 Incidence, prevalence and death rates associated with tuberculosis
6.10 Proportion of tuberculosis cases detected and cured under directly observed treatment short course

Success Stories
The government distributes free-of-charge insecticide-treated nets (ITN) to all pregnant women and to children under the age of five in many of the provinces [in Mozambique].
Malaria kills a child in the world every 30 seconds. It infects 350-500 million people each year killing 1 million, mostly children, in Africa. Ninety percent of malaria deaths occur in Africa, where malaria accounts for about one in five of all childhood deaths. The disease also contributes greatly to anemia among children - a major cause of poor growth and development. In Mozambique, more children die of malaria than any other disease. It accounts for 60 percent of pediatric hospital admissions and 30 percent of hospital deaths, and it is a major reason why Mozambique still has one of the world's highest child mortality rates. Malaria is also deadly for pregnant women, who run the risk of severe anemia, which can be fatal. To prevent the spread of malaria, the government distributes free-of-charge insecticide-treated nets (ITN) to all pregnant women and to children under the age of five in many of the provinces. The bed nets are an effective and cheap method of fighting malaria by preventing mosquito bites (which transmit the disease) and killing the mosquitoes. According to WHO, bed nets can cut malaria transmission by at least 60 percent and child deaths by a fifth if the nets are used properly. Since 2000, some 1.7 million bed nets have been distributed through the public health system in Mozambique. Two-thirds of those nets have been delivered via UNICEF-supported programmes in about 60 percent of the country's districts.
In Ecuador, UNDP has partnered with UNAIDS and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to help the central Government develop a new, more far-reaching National Strategic HIV/AIDS Plan, launched in 2007.
In Ecuador, UNDP has partnered with UNAIDS and the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation to help the central Government develop a new, more far-reaching National Strategic HIV/AIDS Plan, launched in 2007. Preparing the plan brought together representatives from many quarters, including the prison system, the National Children's Council, universities and businesses. Grounded in analysis that recognizes the epidemic is more than a health concern, the plan elaborates new actions on multiple fronts, from general prevention to specific interventions targeted to high-risk groups. Parallel work with UNIFEM has used the training of government officials and members of civil society to raise the profile of gender-related vulnerability to AIDS, given the sharp increase in prevalence rates among low-risk heterosexual women. UNDP has also helped Ecuador's major municipalities-Quito and Guayaquil-create the first municipal AIDS policies, which led to the establishment of testing and counseling services. Work has begun to extend similar strategies to 39 local and three provincial governments covering half of Ecuador's population.
Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 7:
ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
·         The rate of deforestation shows signs of decreasing, but is still alarmingly high
·         A decisive response to climate change is urgently needed
·         The unparalleled success of the Montreal Protocol shows that action on climate change is within our grasp
·         The world has missed the 2010 target for biodiversity conservation, with potentially grave consequences
·         Key habitats for threatened species are not being adequately protected
·         The number of species facing extinction is growing by the day, especially in developing countries
·         Overexploitation of global fisheries has stabilized, but steep challenges remain to ensure their sustainability
·         The world is on track to meet the drinking water target, though much remains to be done in some regions
·         Accelerated and targeted efforts are needed to bring drinking water to all rural households
·         Safe water supply remains a challenge in many parts of the world
·         With half the population of developing regions without sanitation, the 2015 target appears to be out of reach
·         Disparities in urban and rural sanitation coverage remain daunting
·         Improvements in sanitation are bypassing the poor
·         Slum improvements, though considerable, are failing to keep pace with the growing ranks of the urban poor
·         Slum prevalence remains high in sub-Saharan Africa and increases in countries affected by conflict


METRICS

·         Target 7.A:

·         Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

·         Target 7.B:

·         Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
·         7.1 Proportion of land area covered by forest
7.2 CO2 emissions, total, per capita and per $1 GDP (PPP)
7.3 Consumption of ozone-depleting substances
7.4 Proportion of fish stocks within safe biological limits
7.5 Proportion of total water resources used 
7.6 Proportion of terrestrial and marine areas protected
7.7 Proportion of species threatened with extinction

·         Target 7.C:

·         Halve, by 2015, the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
·         7.8 Proportion of population using an improved drinking water source
7.9 Proportion of population using an improved sanitation facility

·         Target 7.D:

·         By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
·         7.10 Proportion of urban population living in slums b*

Success Stories
·         Kraft, one of the world's largest coffee roasters, has increased its purchase of certified coffee from five million pounds to 29 million pounds over the last two years.
·         Many of the environmental issues the world is facing today, from climate change to ozone depletion, are global in nature. With funding from the Global Environment Facility (GEF), UNDP supports international cooperation to promote sustainable development. The GEF is the largest fund for protecting the environment, with UNDP as one of the implementing agencies, along with UNEP and the World Bank. The UNDP-GEF Small Grants Programme has funded more than 8,400 projects by non-governmental and community organizations around the world. In 2006, the GEF received its fourth replenishment of US$3 billion from 32 donor countries; the GEF Council approved $203 million in grants for UNDP projects; and UNDP leveraged an additional $500 million in project co-financing from governments and other partners. A GEF example that promotes environmentally friendly ways of cultivating coffee combines just under $12 million of GEF financing with over $70 million mainly from the private sector; Kraft, one of the world's largest coffee roasters, has increased its purchase of certified coffee from five million pounds to 29 million pounds over the last two years. In 2005, Kraft launched Kenco sustainable certified coffee in the UK, and has subsequently introduced several other brands in Europe and North America. An early success of the project has been the announcement that all 1,200 McDonald's restaurants in the UK and Ireland will sell exclusively Kenco coffee, which amounts to more than 143,000 cups a day. McDonalds has stated that it will extend this commitment to serving certified sustainable coffee in all of its European outlets during 2007.
·         Following the devastating tsunami of December 2004...UNEP cleared 89 islands of hazardous waste; the three remaining affected islands were cleared in 2006.
·         Throughout 2006, UNEP worked with partners to establish and implement an environmental agenda for recovery. Following the devastating tsunami of December 2004, the Maldives Post-Tsunami Environmental Assessment carried out by UNEP drew attention to approximately 290,000 cubic metres of waste, including hazardous waste, healthcare waste, oil spilled from generators and leakage from septic tanks. In 2005, UNEP cleared 89 islands of hazardous waste; the three remaining affected islands were cleared in 2006. In September, UNEP undertook additional site investigations to determine the nature and scale of oil contamination in shallow soils and groundwater at two tsunami-affected islands, which revealed significant contamination. UNEP's Post-Tsunami Environmental Assessments identified damages to mangroves that threatened vital ecosystem services, including coastal habitats with its Indonesian project partner, Wetlands International Indonesia Programme, and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) at a site in Aceh Besar. Training in seedling preparation and rehabilitation techniques was conducted, two nurseries were built and a re-vegetation project was launched with community groups. The programme also included training in design and implementation of local rehabilitation programmes.
·         Last updated 1 November 2007

GOAL 8:
DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT
·         Developing countries gain greater access to the markets of developed countries
·         Least developed countries benefit most from tariff reductions, especially on their agricultural products
·         Aid continues to rise despite the financial crisis, but Africa is short-changed
·         Only five donor countries have reached the UN target for official aid
·         Debt burdens ease for developing countries and remain well below historical levels
Target 8.E:
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
Target 8.F:
In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
·         Demand grows for information and communications technology
·         Access to the World Wide Web is still closed to the majority of the world’s people
·         A large gap separates those with high-speed Internet connections, mostly in developed nations, and dial-up users


METRICS

·         Target 8.A:

·         Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system
·         Includes a commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction – both nationally and internationally

·         Target 8.B:

·         Address the special needs of the least developed countries
·         Includes: tariff and quota free access for the least developed countries' exports; enhanced programme of debt relief for heavily indebted poor countries (HIPC) and cancellation of official bilateral debt; and more generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction

·         Target 8.C:

·         Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States (through the Programme of Action for the Sustainable Development of Small Island Developing States and the outcome of the twenty-second special session of the General Assembly)

·         Target 8.D:

·         Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long term
·         Some of the indicators listed below are monitored separately for the least developed countries (LDCs), Africa, landlocked developing countries and small island developing States.
·         Official development assistance (ODA)
8.1 Net ODA, total and to the least developed countries, as percentage of OECD/DAC donors’ gross national income
8.2 Proportion of total bilateral, sector-allocable ODA of OECD/DAC donors to basic social services (basic education, primary health care, nutrition, safe water and sanitation)
8.3 Proportion of bilateral official development assistance of OECD/DAC donors that is untied
8.4 ODA received in landlocked developing countries as a proportion of their gross national incomes
8.5 ODA received in small island developing States as a proportion of their gross national incomes

Market access
8.6 Proportion of total developed country imports (by value and excluding arms) from developing countries and least developed countries, admitted free of duty
8.7 Average tariffs imposed by developed countries on agricultural products and textiles and clothing from developing countries
8.8 Agricultural support estimate for OECD countries as a percentage of their gross domestic product
8.9 Proportion of ODA provided to help build trade capacity

Debt sustainability
8.10 Total number of countries that have reached their HIPC decision points and number that have reached their HIPC completion points (cumulative)
8.11 Debt relief committed under HIPC and MDRI Initiatives
8.12 Debt service as a percentage of exports of goods and services

·         Target 8.E:

·         In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
·         8.13 Proportion of population with access to affordable essential drugs on a sustainable basis

·         Target 8.F:

·         In cooperation with the private sector, make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
·         8.14 Telephone lines per 100 population 
8.15 Cellular subscribers per 100 population
8.16 Internet users per 100 population





Success Stories
Yemen's latest national development strategy integrates all key issues related to achieving the MDGs, and contains precise targets and specific actions on priorities such as economic growth, access to safe drinking water and girls' education.
In many countries, UNDP already has a long history of working with governments on activities that connect different social and economic sectors. In Yemen, the Government turned to the UN system for assistance with an MDG assessment. Under the leadership of the Resident Coordinator, the UN agencies in Yemen worked closely together on a comprehensive programme of support. Each UN agency offered specialized skills-UNDP and the ILO on economic growth; UNDP on the environment, decentralization and gender; UNFPA and WHO on health and population; and the FAO and WFP on food security. Yemen's latest national development strategy, which began in 2006, draws extensively upon the results of the assessment. It integrates all key issues related to achieving the MDGs, and contains precise targets and specific actions on priorities such as economic growth, access to safe drinking water and girls' education. Yemen is now using the assessment for talks on membership with the Gulf Cooperation Council. Along with a public investment plan supported by UNDP, the assessment also became the basis for a council-sponsored donor conference in late 2006 that raised almost US$5 billion for Yemen's national development strategy.
UNDP works directly with national and multinational companies to reduce poverty and extend services to underdeveloped areas.
UNDP works directly with national and multinational companies to reduce poverty and extend services to underdeveloped areas. In Kenya, under the aegis of its global Growing Sustainable Business initiative, UNDP has established 10 partnership projects to help improve businesses and livelihoods. One project works with Kevian, a juice manufacturer. Until recently, it imported all the concentrates for its mango juice from abroad. Kenya is an ample producer of mangoes, but many rot on the ground due to poor harvesting and marketing systems. The Growing Sustainable Business initiative has worked with local farmers on improved harvesting, marketing and pest management procedures, and linked them to Kevian. The farmers have an opportunity to improve their livelihoods; Kevian benefits from greater flexibility in its supplies and protection from foreign exchange rate fluctuations. Combined, Kenya's 10 Growing Sustainable Business initiative projects are expected to generate over US$70 million in additional revenues and create thousands of jobs, reaching an estimated 42,000 beneficiaries.
Last updated 1 November 2007
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